Fundamentals of Paints
Paints are used to ensure protection of the buildings from harmful weather effects, including rain, heat, and winds, and also to improve the surface …
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Pretensioning and Postensioning of Prestressed Concrete
Portland cement concrete is a strong, dependable, and relatively inexpensive construction material. Until it is stressed under tension, that is. …
Continue ReadingUse the Pipe Flow Reynolds Number for Turbulent Flow to find the Entrance Length for Fully Developed Flow
The Reynolds number is used to calculate the entrance length needed to reach fully developed flow for turbulent flow or for laminar flow in a pipe. At …
Continue ReadingBiochemical Oxygen Demand as Explained by the Organic Carbon Cycle
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of organic pollutants, one of the causes of water pollution. In the organic carbon cycle, organic …
Continue ReadingUse the Friction Factor to Calculate Frictional Head Loss (Pressure Drop) for Pipe Flow
Frictional head loss (or pressure drop) in pipe flow is related to the friction factor and flow velocity by the Darcy Weisbach equation. Reynolds …
Continue ReadingWhat is Civil Engineering?
Civil engineering is the oldest and one of the most versatile branches of engineering. Every structure that we see around today is a creation of civil …
Continue ReadingBuilding Fire Resistant Structures
Devastating. The single word that describes the material, financial, and emotional damage caused by fires in structures. We rely on buildings to …
Continue ReadingThe Hydraulic Jump as a Transition from Subcritical to Supercritical Flow in Open Channel Flow
A hydraulic jump occurs in open channel flow where supercritical flow (Froude number > 1) is taking place on a slope that cannot maintain …
Continue ReadingUse Reynolds Number for Pipe Flow to find Whether it is Laminar Flow or Turbulent Flow
Pipe flow may be either laminar flow or turbulent flow. Laminar flow is characterized by low flow velocity and high viscosity. Turbulent flow is …
Continue ReadingWhat is Rail Stress?
Track clasping has forever been an erratic occurrence resulting in expensive derailments. This article actually describes a method of calculating the …
Continue ReadingEnergy Equation for Real Fluid Flow - Frictional Resistances to Fluid Flow
Nothing is ideal in this world so how can be fluid flow so simple. The model of ideal fluid flow is good for understanding and solving the fluid flow …
Continue ReadingGeotechnical Services For Civil Engineering - Laboratory Analysis
Test, analyze, and report. Sounds easy, but getting usable data from civil engineering materials testing and inspection procedures is not so simple. …
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